Understanding breast cancer risk factors

Each October, the world turns pink -a reminder that breast cancer continues to affect millions of women globally. Despite years of awareness, research, and progress, one question remains:
Why is it still so difficult to curb breast cancer?

1. The Unchangeable (Non-Modifiable) Risk Factors

Some risk factors are simply beyond our control and that’s what makes breast cancer challenging to prevent completely. These include:
• Age – The risk increases as we grow older.
• Sex – Being female remains the biggest risk factor.
• Ethnicity – Women of White populations have a slightly higher risk.
• Family history & genetics – BRCA1, BRCA2, and other genetic mutations play a strong role.
• Breast tissue density – Dense breasts can make detection harder and risk higher.

The answer lies in the complex web of risk factors .some we can change, and others we cannot. Understanding them is the first step toward early detection and prevention.

2. Reproductive Factors

Certain reproductive patterns also influence breast cancer risk:
• Early menarche (first period) <12 years
• Late first pregnancy (after 35 years)
• Not breastfeeding (chestfeeding)
• Never having been pregnant (nulliparity)

While we can’t always control these life milestones, being aware helps women make informed health decisions and discuss individual screening plans with their healthcare provider.

3. The Modifiable Risk Factors -Our Power Zone

Here’s the good news: some factors are within our control.
• Weight management – Obesity increases breast cancer risk after menopause. Healthy weight and weight loss help lower it.
• Hormone therapy – review why you need it?
• Alcohol and smoking – Both increase risk, especially with prolonged use.
• Diet – A low-fat diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains may reduce risk of death from breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
• Physical activity – Regular, moderate exercise offers modest but real protection.

EPIFEM Takeaway

Breast cancer is difficult to curb because many risk factors are non-modifiable, and because awareness doesn’t always translate into action.
But awareness combined with insight -that’s power!!

So, Queen, protect yourself by:
• Knowing your risk profile
• Staying physically active
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Reducing alcohol and smoking
• Scheduling regular screenings

Remember, prevention is possible, and early detection saves lives.

Love

Dr NSHALI